Correct Option
The correct option isThe Fundamental Rights
Explanation
The description of the "conscience" of the Indian Constitution is primarily attributed to the constitutional historian Granville Austin. In his analysis of the Indian Constitution as a social document, he identified specific parts that embody the commitment to the social revolution.
Analysis
- Granville Austin's View: Austin described the Fundamental Rights (Part III) and the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) together as the "Conscience of the Constitution." He argued that these two parts connect India's future with its past and contain the core of the Constitution's social philosophy.
- Distinction from Other Terms:
- The Preamble is often referred to as the "Soul of the Constitution" (by Thakurdas Bhargava) or the "Identity Card of the Constitution" (by N.A. Palkhivala).
- Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies) was famously termed the "Heart and Soul of the Constitution" by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Key Takeaway
Granville Austin described the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy together as the "Conscience of the Constitution."