The correct option is (a).
Explanation
In political theory and democratic governance, rights are defined as reasonable claims of individuals that are recognized by society and sanctioned by law. They are essential conditions of social life without which no person can seek to be at their best.Statement 1 is Correct: A right is essentially a claim, but it must be a reasonable claim. It must be possible for the claim to be extended to all others equally. For instance, one cannot claim a right that would deny the same right to others or cause harm to society. Therefore, universality and reasonability are intrinsic to the definition of a right.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Rights do not exist in a vacuum; they exist within a social context. A claim does not become a right until it is recognized by society as legitimate and necessary for the common good. If society does not acknowledge a claim, it remains merely a personal desire or demand, not a right.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: For a right to be enforceable in a political state, it must have legal sanction. While moral rights may exist without legal backing, in a democratic society, rights are those claims that the state recognizes and protects through law. Without legal sanction, rights cannot be enforced against violations.
Key Takeaway: The three essential ingredients of a right are: it must be a reasonable claim, it must be recognized by society, and it must be sanctioned by law.