The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The doctrine of Separation of Powers, originally propounded by Montesquieu, advocates for the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Separation of Powers ensures that the three organs (Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary) exercise distinct and specific powers, not identical ones. The Legislature makes laws, the Executive implements them, and the Judiciary interprets them. If powers were identical, the purpose of separation would be defeated.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The doctrine implies a system of checks and balances. While the organs are separate, they are empowered to check the actions of the others to prevent arbitrary use of power (e.g., the Judiciary can declare laws passed by the Legislature unconstitutional).
- Statement 3 is Correct. By dividing functions and establishing checks, the doctrine ensures a balance of power among the three organs. This equilibrium prevents any single organ from becoming supreme or tyrannical.
Key Takeaway:
Separation of Powers divides government into three branches with distinct functions (not identical) to ensure accountability through a system of checks and balances.