Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Rights are reasonable claims of persons recognized by society and sanctioned by law. In a democratic setup, rights are indispensable as they constitute the foundation upon which the structure of government and the liberty of citizens rest. They limit the authority of the State and the majority to ensure individual dignity and fair governance.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Rights are necessary for the very sustenance of a democracy. For a democratic process to function, citizens must have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. Furthermore, rights such as freedom of expression and the right to form political parties are essential for political participation and accountability.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Rights are not suspended merely because an elected government fails to protect citizens. On the contrary, rights are guarantees that exist primarily to protect citizens against the State and other individuals. If a government fails to protect rights, the judiciary enforces them; they do not cease to exist. Suspension of Fundamental Rights occurs only under specific constitutional provisions, such as during a Proclamation of Emergency (Articles 358 and 359), and even then, rights under Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended.
- Statement 3 is Correct: A core function of rights in a democracy is to protect minorities from the oppression of the majority. Without constitutionally guaranteed rights, the "rule of the majority" could devolve into the "tyranny of the majority," where the interests and existence of minority groups are jeopardized. Rights ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it wishes.
Key Takeaway: Rights are essential for the existence of democracy as they enable political participation and act as a safeguard against the tyranny of the majority and the arbitrary exercise of power by the State.