The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Right against Exploitation is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Constitution of India. These provisions aim to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable sections of society by the State or private individuals.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Article 23 explicitly prohibits traffic in human beings, begar (forced labour without payment), and other similar forms of forced labour. While the State is permitted to impose compulsory service for public purposes (e.g., military service or social service) without discrimination, this exception does not permit "begar" in industries. The prohibition on begar is absolute regarding private employment or industrial exploitation.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The term "forced labour" in Article 23 is interpreted broadly. The Parliament enacted the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 to give effect to this article. The Supreme Court has ruled that bonded labour constitutes a form of forced labour prohibited under Article 23.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous activities (such as construction work or railways). This provision is absolute and does not allow for exceptions in hazardous sectors.
Key Takeaway: Article 23 prohibits human trafficking, begar, and forced labour, while Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 years in hazardous occupations.