The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The relationship between buyers and sellers in a market economy has historically evolved from the principle of self-reliance on the part of the buyer to a framework of consumer rights and seller accountability. This evolution is largely driven by consumer movements and legislative interventions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Sellers do not "invariably" (always and without exception) accept full responsibility for defects. In the absence of strict regulations or consumer awareness, sellers often avoid liability for defective goods. The consumer movement arose precisely because sellers frequently refused to accept responsibility for poor quality.
- Statement 2 is Correct. A core objective of the consumer movement is to shift the onus of ensuring quality, safety, and standards from the consumer to the seller. It advocates that producers and sellers must be held accountable for the goods and services they provide.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Historically, markets operated on the legal maxim of Caveat Emptor, which translates to "Let the buyer beware." Under this principle, it was the buyer's responsibility to assess the quality and suitability of a product before purchase, and they had little recourse if the product turned out to be defective.
Key Takeaway: The consumer movement represents a transition from the traditional rule of Caveat Emptor (Let the buyer beware) to a market environment where sellers are legally and ethically responsible for product quality (Caveat Venditor).