The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) was enacted to protect and promote the interests of consumers. It established a three-tier quasi-judicial machinery at the district, state, and national levels for the redressal of consumer disputes.
Statement 1 is Correct.
The consumer redressal process provides for a hierarchical appeal mechanism. If a consumer is unsatisfied with the verdict given by the District Commission, they can appeal to the State Commission. Subsequently, appeals can be made to the National Commission and finally to the Supreme Court, depending on the specifics of the case.
Statement 2 is Incorrect.
The redressal process under COPRA is designed to be simple, speedy, and inexpensive. Consumers are not required to hire a lawyer to file a complaint or represent their case in the consumer commission. A consumer can file a complaint on their own and appear in person to present their grievance.
Statement 3 is Correct.
The consumer movement in India originated as a social force arising from the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. This movement facilitated the formation of various voluntary organizations, locally referred to as consumer forums or consumer protection councils. These groups guide consumers on how to file cases and represent individual consumers in the consumer commissions.
Key Takeaway:
COPRA establishes a three-tier dispute redressal mechanism (District, State, and National Commissions) that allows for appeals. The process is consumer-friendly, allowing self-representation without the mandatory requirement of legal counsel.