The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The philosophy of the Indian Constitution constitutes the moral and political foundation of the nation's supreme law. It is succinctly encapsulated in the Preamble, which outlines the objectives, ideals, and aspirations of the Indian state.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Preamble is the introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose, principles, and philosophy of the Constitution. It embodies the fundamental values-Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity-upon which the entire constitutional structure is built.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The philosophy embedded in the Preamble does not guide only the Fundamental Rights; it serves as a guiding light for the interpretation of the entire Constitution. It aids the judiciary and the state in understanding and implementing all provisions, including the Directive Principles of State Policy and the structural distribution of powers.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The values reflected in the Constitution are deeply rooted in the Indian freedom struggle. The ideals of democracy, civil liberties, and social justice were championed by freedom fighters and were formally articulated in the "Objectives Resolution" moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1946, which later formed the basis of the Preamble.
Key Takeaway: The Preamble encapsulates the philosophy of the Constitution, inspired by the values of the freedom struggle, and serves as a comprehensive guide for interpreting all constitutional provisions, not merely the Fundamental Rights.