The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The consumer movement arose out of the dissatisfaction of consumers as many unfair practices were being indulged in by the sellers. It has evolved into a global effort to protect consumer rights through international cooperation and national legislation.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1985. These guidelines serve as a tool for nations to adopt and enforce consumer protection laws and for consumer advocacy groups to pressure their governments to do so.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Consumers International is not a government body controlled by the United Nations. It is a global federation of consumer groups that works as an independent, non-governmental organization (NGO). While it advocates at international forums, it remains a membership organization for consumer groups worldwide.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The consumer movement has a significant presence in developing countries. In India, for example, the movement led to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) in 1986, which established a separate three-tier quasi-judicial machinery to redress consumer grievances.
Key Takeaway: The UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection (1985) provide an international framework for consumer rights, while Consumers International acts as a global federation of consumer organizations, independent of direct UN control.