The correct option is
1 only
Explanation
The architecture of the Vijayanagara Empire is characterized by a distinct duality. While religious structures (temples) strictly followed the traditional Dravidian style, secular structures-such as palaces, gateways, and stables-often exhibited a fusion of indigenous and Islamic architectural elements. This hybrid style is frequently referred to as the Indo-Islamic style.Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The gateways leading into the fortified settlements of Vijayanagara often feature distinct arches. Art historians identify this arch as a typical feature of the architecture introduced by the Turkish Sultans (Indo-Islamic architecture). This demonstrates the cultural interaction and architectural exchange between the Vijayanagara Empire and the neighbouring Sultanates.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The dome over the gate is not an indigenous feature unrelated to the Turkish Sultans. Both the arch and the dome are regarded as typical features of the architectural style introduced by the Turkish Sultans. The presence of domes on gateways and secular buildings (like the Elephant Stables and Lotus Mahal) reflects the adoption of Islamic architectural principles by Vijayanagara rulers.