The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
In the popular traditions and historical records of the Vijayanagara Empire, the geopolitical landscape of the Deccan and South India was often described through titles associated with the primary military strength of the respective ruling dynasties. These titles distinguished the Vijayanagara Rayas from their contemporary rivals.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Deccan Sultans were referred to as ashvapati or "Lord of Horses." This title highlighted their heavy reliance on cavalry and their control over the trade of high-quality horses imported from West Asia, which was a crucial component of their military power.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The rulers of Orissa were known as the Gajapati, meaning "Lord of Elephants," reflecting their powerful elephant corps. The term narapati, meaning "Lord of Men" (signifying large infantry), was the title used by the Vijayanagara Rayas for themselves, not for the rulers of Orissa.
Key Takeaway:
The three major powers were distinguished by their military assets: Ashvapati (Deccan Sultans - Horses), Gajapati (Orissa Rulers - Elephants), and Narapati (Vijayanagara Rayas - Infantry/Men).