The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
Party systems are classified based on the number of political parties that effectively compete for power and have a realistic chance of forming the government. The three primary classifications are one-party, two-party, and multiparty systems.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
A one-party system allows only one political party to control and run the government. Even if the party permits internal elections, this system is not considered a democratic option. A fundamental feature of democracy is the existence of at least two parties to ensure fair competition and provide voters with a genuine choice regarding who holds power.
Statement 2 is Correct:
In a two-party system, power usually alternates between two main parties. While several other parties may exist, contest elections, and win a small number of seats in the legislature, only the two major parties have a serious chance of winning a majority to form the government. Examples include the United States and the United Kingdom.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
A multiparty system allows several parties to compete for power, and often no single party secures a majority, necessitating coalition governments. While this system is more representative of diverse social interests, it is often associated with political instability and delays in decision-making compared to two-party systems, rather than ensuring the highest level of stability.
Key Takeaway:
A democratic political system requires at least two parties to facilitate fair competition. Two-party systems tend to provide greater political stability, whereas multiparty systems offer broader representation but are more prone to instability.