The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Constituent Assembly of India was constituted in November 1946 under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan. Its primary task was to draft the Constitution for independent India.Statement 1 is Correct: Although the Constituent Assembly was not directly elected by the people, it was broadly representative of Indian society. It comprised representatives from all major communities-Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis, Anglo-Indians, Indian Christians, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes. It also included members from diverse professions such as lawyers, teachers, and social workers, ensuring a wide range of perspectives.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Constituent Assembly was not elected by universal adult franchise. Its members were elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. The franchise for the Provincial Assemblies themselves was limited, based on criteria such as tax, property, and education.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: It is factually and logically incorrect to assert that the composition would have been "exactly the same" under universal adult franchise. While the Indian National Congress enjoyed widespread popular support, direct elections involving the entire adult population could have altered the specific demographic and ideological mix of the representatives compared to an indirect election by a limited electorate.
Key Takeaway: The Constituent Assembly was a partly elected (indirectly) and partly nominated body, formed under the Cabinet Mission Plan, and was not chosen via direct election based on universal adult franchise.