Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Constituent Assembly adopted the Parliamentary System of government, modeled on the British Westminster system. A core philosophy behind this choice was the preference for responsibility (accountability to the legislature) over strict stability. The framers adhered to the principles of Constitutionalism, which inherently implies a limited government with defined checks and balances.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The framers intended to ensure a balance of power among the three organs of the state-Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. While the Indian Constitution does not follow a strict separation of powers (as in the USA), it establishes a system of checks and balances to prevent any single branch from becoming autocratic.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Constituent Assembly did not advocate for an executive with unlimited powers. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar explicitly stated that while a stable executive is desirable, a responsible executive is preferable in a democracy. Unlimited power would lead to authoritarianism, which was contrary to the democratic aspirations of the Assembly.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Constitution includes numerous provisions to limit and control the executive. These include:
- Parliamentary Control: Mechanisms like Question Hour, No-Confidence Motion, and Censure Motion ensure the executive remains answerable to the legislature.
- Fundamental Rights: These act as negative obligations on the state, preventing arbitrary executive action.
- Judicial Review: The judiciary has the power to strike down executive orders that violate the Constitution.
Key Takeaway: The Indian Constitution establishes a limited government where the executive is not absolute but is continuously accountable to the Legislature and subject to the supremacy of the Constitution.