The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Preamble serves as an introduction to the Constitution, outlining the fundamental values, philosophy, and objectives of the Indian State.
- Statement 1 is correct: The term Sovereign implies that India is an independent state and not a dominion or dependency of any other nation. There is no authority above it, and it is free to conduct its own affairs (both internal and external). Consequently, the people of India have the supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters without outside interference.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: A Republic means that the head of the state is elected, either directly or indirectly, for a fixed period. In India, the President is the elected head of the state. This is in direct contrast to a monarchy, where the head of the state holds a hereditary position (e.g., the King or Queen in the United Kingdom).
- Statement 3 is correct: Fraternity refers to a sense of common brotherhood. The Constitution promotes this feeling of fraternity by the system of single citizenship. It implies that all citizens should behave as if they are members of the same family, transcending religious, linguistic, regional, or sectional diversities, to ensure the dignity of the individual and the unity of the nation.
Key Takeaway: In the Indian context, 'Sovereign' denotes absolute independence, 'Republic' signifies an elected head of state rather than a hereditary monarch, and 'Fraternity' represents the spirit of brotherhood essential for national unity.