Correct Option (D)
Statement I is correct. GAGAN (GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) is a Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) developed to enhance the accuracy and integrity of GPS signals over the Indian Flight Information Region. This augmentation improves positional accuracy from approximately 20 meters to 1-2 meters, which is essential for safety-of-life applications in aviation.
Statement II is correct. By providing improved navigation reliability and precision, GAGAN enables more uniform, efficient, and high-quality air traffic management. This is particularly beneficial for optimizing flight paths, reducing delays, and enhancing safety in congested or complex airspaces.
Incorrect Options
Statement III is incorrect. While GAGAN was primarily developed for civil aviation, its applications are not limited to this sector. The system provides benefits across various other modes of transportation and sectors, including railways, road and maritime transport, precision agriculture, surveying, disaster management, and resource management. Therefore, it is a multi-modal and multi-sectoral asset.
Option (1) is incorrect because Statement III is false.
Option (2) is incorrect because Statement III is false, and Statement I is correct.
Option (3) is incorrect because Statement II is also correct, in addition to Statement I.