Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
[as per provisional answerkey]Explanation
Drone swarms refer to a coordinated group of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that work together as a single integrated system to achieve specific mission objectives. This technology relies on collective intelligence, communication networks, and autonomous decision-making algorithms.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Drone swarms typically utilize standard radio frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz (ISM bands) or satellite links for communication with command centers. The Terahertz (THz) band (0.1 to 10 THz) is currently an experimental frequency range for ultra-high-speed short-range communication and is not the standard operational frequency for drone swarm command and control due to high atmospheric attenuation and technological complexity.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A defining characteristic of a drone swarm is "inter-drone communication." Unlike traditional drones that operate independently, swarm drones use a mesh network or peer-to-peer communication to share data, maintain formation, and coordinate tasks without constant input from a central controller.
- Statement 3 is Correct: GPS Spoofing is a primary electronic warfare countermeasure against drone swarms. It involves broadcasting fake GPS signals that are stronger than the actual satellite signals, causing the drones' navigation systems to calculate an incorrect position. This can lead the swarm to veer off course, crash, or land in a designated area.
Key Takeaway: Drone swarms are characterized by autonomous inter-drone communication and are susceptible to electronic countermeasures like GPS spoofing which disrupt their navigation and coordination.