The correct option is I and II only.
Explanation
Indian Railways has introduced several technological and planning initiatives to enhance safety, capacity, and efficiency of the railway network.
- Statement I: Incorrect.
The National Rail Plan (NRP) has been prepared to make the railway system “future ready” by 2030, not by 2028. The plan aims to increase freight capacity and reduce logistic costs by developing adequate infrastructure. - Statement II: Incorrect.
‘Kavach’ is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system developed indigenously in India by the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with Indian industry. It was not developed in collaboration with Germany. - Statement III: Correct.
The Kavach system uses RFID tags fitted on the tracks in station sections and along the railway route. These tags help locomotives identify their precise location and enhance collision avoidance capabilities.
Key Takeaway: The National Rail Plan targets a future-ready railway system by 2030, and the indigenous Kavach Automatic Train Protection system uses RFID tags on tracks for improved railway safety.