Correct Option
Recombinant DNA technology, also known as genetic engineering, involves the manipulation of genetic material to introduce new traits into an organism. This technology overcomes natural reproductive barriers, enabling the transfer of genes between diverse biological entities.
All three statements accurately describe the capabilities of recombinant DNA technology:
- Across different species of plants: Genes can be transferred between distinct plant species to introduce desirable traits, such as disease resistance or herbicide tolerance. For instance, genes from one plant variety can be introduced into another to enhance specific characteristics.
- From animals to plants: Genetic material from animal sources can be introduced into plant genomes. An example includes the expression of animal proteins or therapeutic compounds in genetically modified plants.
- From microorganisms to higher organisms: Genes from microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, are frequently transferred into higher organisms, including plants and animals. A prominent example is the introduction of the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) gene from bacteria into crop plants to confer insect resistance.
Incorrect Options
Options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect because recombinant DNA technology is capable of facilitating gene transfer in all three scenarios described in statements 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, selecting only a subset of these capabilities would be incomplete and inaccurate.