The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps differ in their working principles, efficiency, and lifespan.
- Statement 1: Correct.
A CFL produces light by passing electric current through mercury vapour, which emits ultraviolet radiation that excites a phosphor coating to produce visible light. An LED lamp produces light using semiconductor materials through electroluminescence. - Statement 2: Incorrect.
LED lamps have a significantly longer lifespan than CFLs. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that CFLs last longer than LEDs. - Statement 3: Correct.
CFLs are less energy-efficient compared to LED lamps. LEDs consume less electricity for the same light output and have higher energy efficiency.
Key Takeaway: LEDs use semiconductor technology, are more energy-efficient, and have a longer lifespan compared to CFLs, which rely on mercury vapour and phosphor coating.