Correct Option (c):
Knowledge of the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome, often referred to as gene mapping or genome sequencing, offers several practical benefits:
- Statement 1 is correct: Gene mapping allows for the identification of specific genetic markers and traits. This enables the precise tracing of lineage and hereditary characteristics in livestock, which is fundamental for informed selective breeding programs aimed at improving desired traits or managing genetic disorders.
- Statement 3 is correct: By identifying genes associated with disease resistance through genomic studies, scientists can select animals possessing these advantageous genes for breeding. This facilitates the development of new animal breeds that are inherently more resistant to specific diseases, reducing reliance on antibiotics or other interventions.
Incorrect Options:
- Statement 2 is incorrect: While understanding gene arrangement has profoundly advanced our comprehension of many genetic disorders and predispositions, it does not enable the understanding of the causes of all human diseases. Many diseases are multifactorial, arising from complex interactions between multiple genes, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and pathogens. Therefore, attributing the understanding of all human diseases solely to gene mapping is an overgeneralization.
- Options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect because they include Statement 2, which is not entirely accurate.