Correct Option
- A. Arber and Smith: Discovered endonucleases. Werner Arber and Hamilton Smith were instrumental in identifying restriction endonucleases, enzymes that precisely cut DNA at specific recognition sites. This discovery was fundamental to the development of recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering.
- B. Feldman: Developed transgenic plants with Agrobacterium T-DNA. Feldman's work significantly advanced plant genetic engineering by utilizing the natural gene transfer mechanism of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, specifically its T-DNA, to introduce foreign genes into plant genomes.
- C. Mullis: Discovered polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Kary Mullis developed the PCR technique, a revolutionary method for amplifying specific DNA sequences exponentially, which has wide applications in molecular biology, diagnostics, and forensics.
- D. Temin and Baltimore: Discovered reverse transcriptase. Howard Temin and David Baltimore independently discovered reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. This finding was crucial for understanding retroviruses and has become an essential tool in molecular biology research.
Incorrect Options
- Option 2 (1 2 4 3): This option incorrectly matches Arber and Smith with the development of transgenic plants using Agrobacterium T-DNA (1). Arber and Smith are known for their discovery of endonucleases.
- Option 3 (2 1 3 4): This option incorrectly matches Mullis with the discovery of reverse transcriptase (3) and Temin and Baltimore with the discovery of polymerase chain reaction (4).
- Option 4 (1 2 3 4): This option contains multiple incorrect pairings, including Arber and Smith with transgenic plants (1) and Mullis with reverse transcriptase (3).