Correct Option
Assertion (A) states that unsaturated fats are more reactive compared with saturated fats. This statement is true. Unsaturated fats contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) in their hydrocarbon chains. These double bonds represent sites of higher electron density and are therefore more susceptible to chemical reactions, such as addition reactions (e.g., hydrogenation) and oxidation, compared to the stable carbon-carbon single bonds (C-C) found in saturated fats. This structural difference accounts for their increased reactivity.
Reason (R) states that unsaturated fats have only single bonds in their structure. This statement is false. The defining characteristic of unsaturated fats is the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond in their fatty acid chains. Conversely, saturated fats are characterized by having only carbon-carbon single bonds throughout their hydrocarbon chains, meaning they are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the reason provided contradicts the fundamental chemical structure of unsaturated fats.
Since Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false, option (3) is the correct choice.
Incorrect Options
Option (1) and Option (2) are incorrect because Reason (R) is false. For these options to be valid, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) must be individually true.
Option (4) is incorrect because Assertion (A) is true, not false.