Correct Option (B)
The correct matching is I-B, II-C, III-D, IV-A.
- Cracking is a fundamental process in the petroleum industry, involving the breakdown of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable ones.
- Smelting is a pyrometallurgical process used to extract metals from their ores, commonly associated with the copper industry.
- Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds hydrogen to unsaturated compounds, a key process in the production of edible fats from vegetable oils.
- Vulcanization is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by adding sulfur or other equivalent curatives. This process is central to the rubber industry.
Incorrect Options:
Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they misalign the industrial processes with their associated industries. For instance, option A incorrectly links cracking with rubber and hydrogenation with rubber, which are inaccurate associations. Similarly, options C and D contain multiple mismatches, such as associating cracking with copper or vulcanization with edible fats, which do not reflect the established industrial practices.