The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Wildlife Sanctuaries are protected areas constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. They are established for the purpose of protecting, propagating, or developing wildlife or its environment. While they ensure the safety of fauna, the restrictions on human activities are less stringent compared to National Parks.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The fundamental purpose of a Wildlife Sanctuary is to ensure the conservation of species by providing protection and suitable living conditions. These areas are managed to prevent the destruction of habitats and to safeguard animals from poaching and predation.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Killing, hunting, or capturing animals is strictly prohibited in Wildlife Sanctuaries under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Such activities are criminal offenses. Exceptions are granted only in specific circumstances (e.g., scientific research, or if an animal becomes dangerous to human life) and require specific authorization from the Chief Wildlife Warden. It is not "generally permitted."
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Wildlife Sanctuaries are not completely closed to human activities. Unlike National Parks, where rights are generally extinguished, Wildlife Sanctuaries allow certain human activities such as the grazing of livestock and the collection of firewood or minor forest produce, provided these activities do not interfere with the wildlife. These activities are regulated by the Chief Wildlife Warden.
Key Takeaway: The primary distinction between a National Park and a Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the degree of protection and human interference; National Parks prohibit almost all human activities and rights, whereas Wildlife Sanctuaries allow certain regulated activities like grazing.