The correct option is 1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area and are not naturally found elsewhere. The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve in Madhya Pradesh is known for its unique biodiversity, which includes specific flora and fauna identified as endemic to the region in standard ecological texts.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Indian Giant Squirrel and the Flying Squirrel are explicitly recognized as endemic fauna of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. Bison is another example of endemic fauna in this area.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Wild Mango is cited as a specific example of the endemic flora of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. While mango species are found elsewhere, the specific wild varieties in this reserve are classified as endemic in this context.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Sal is a dominant forest tree in Central India. In the context of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, it is classified alongside Wild Mango as an example of endemic flora.
Key Takeaway: According to standard environmental classifications, Sal and Wild Mango are the endemic flora, while Bison, Indian Giant Squirrel, and Flying Squirrel are the endemic fauna of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.