A class of scribes
Explanation
The Gupta period witnessed significant changes in social structure, characterized by the proliferation of castes and the emergence of new social groups based on occupation. The expansion of land grants and administrative complexity necessitated a specialized class for documentation.
Analysis
- Role of Kayasthas: The 'Kayasthas' emerged as a professional class of scribes, writers, and record keepers. Their primary function was to draft documents, maintain land records, and manage revenue administration.
- Historical Evolution:
- In the Yajnavalkya Smriti, the term is used to denote a category of officers or officials.
- Over time, due to the hereditary nature of the profession and endogamy, this professional group solidified into a distinct caste (jati). This transition from a profession to a caste became more prominent in the post-Gupta period.
- Incorrect Options:
- Warrior clan: This role was traditionally assigned to the Kshatriyas.
- Agricultural labourers: This group primarily consisted of Shudras and untouchables.
- Temple priests: Priestly duties were the exclusive domain of the Brahmins.
Key Takeaway: The Kayasthas were a class of scribes and record keepers that rose to prominence during the Gupta period to manage the documentation required for land grants and administration.