The correct option is 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The Sarnath Lion Capital, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka, is a quintessential example of Mauryan sculpture. It is composed of five distinct parts: the shaft (now broken), a bell-shaped inverted lotus base, a circular abacus, a crowning sculpture of four lions seated back-to-back, and originally, a Dharmachakra resting on the lions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The abacus is not supported by a square base; rather, it rests on a bell-shaped inverted lotus. Furthermore, the lotus itself is a floral element, contradicting the claim that the base has "no floral elements." The abacus itself is circular, featuring four animals (lion, elephant, bull, and horse) interspersed with chakras.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The sculpting of the inverted lotus demonstrates a high degree of naturalism and technical precision. As noted in art historical texts (e.g., NCERT Fine Arts), each petal of the lotus is sculpted specifically keeping in mind its density and volume, giving it a realistic appearance despite its stylized form.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The lower portion of the capital, specifically the bell-shaped lotus, features curved planes that are neatly carved. This reflects the sophisticated stone polishing and carving techniques characteristic of the Mauryan period.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Sarnath Lion Capital features a circular abacus supported by an inverted bell-shaped lotus, characterized by precise carving where petal density and curved planes are emphasized.