The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Mauryan period (c. 321-185 BCE) is renowned for its monumental stone sculpture, particularly the free-standing figures of Yakshas and Yakshinis. These sculptures represent the popular or folk art tradition of the era, distinct from the court art represented by pillars and stupas.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Yaksha and Yakshini images from the Mauryan period are predominantly found in a standing position, not a seated meditation position. Notable examples, such as the Parkham Yaksha and the Didarganj Yakshi, are monumental, free-standing statues carved in the round, depicting the figures in an upright posture.
Statement 2 is Correct:
A defining characteristic of Mauryan stone art is the "Mauryan Polish." These sculptures, typically carved from Chunar sandstone, feature a highly lustrous, glass-like finish. This mirror-like polish is a unique technical achievement of the period and is found on both the Ashokan pillars and the independent Yaksha/Yakshini figures.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The Didarganj Yakshi (holding a chauri or fly-whisk) is considered a masterpiece of Mauryan art. It demonstrates a sophisticated sensitivity towards the human physique, characterized by realistic modeling, full round breasts, a narrow waist, and broad hips. The figure exhibits a naturalistic stance and careful detailing of ornaments and drapery, reflecting a high degree of artistic maturity.
Key Takeaway:
Mauryan Yaksha and Yakshini figures are typically standing, monumental stone sculptures characterized by the distinctive Mauryan polish and realistic physiognomy, distinguishing them from later seated iconographies.