The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Mithila painting, widely known as Madhubani art, is a traditional folk art form originating from the Mithila region of Bihar and parts of Nepal. It is characterized by intricate geometrical patterns, double-line borders, and the use of vibrant natural colors.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The art form derives its name from the Mithila region (ancient Videha), not the kingdom of Magadha. Although both are located in present-day Bihar, they represent distinct cultural and geographical zones. Magadha was centered around Patna and Gaya, while Mithila covers northern districts such as Madhubani and Darbhanga.
- Statement 2 is Correct: According to local mythology, the origin of this painting style dates back to the Ramayana era. It is believed that King Janaka of Mithila commissioned artists to paint the palace walls and the city to celebrate the wedding of his daughter, Sita, to Lord Rama.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Traditionally, this art was practiced exclusively on freshly plastered mud walls (Bhitti Chitra) and floors (Aripan) of huts during festivals and ceremonies. In contemporary times, artisans have adapted the style to portable mediums such as handmade paper, canvas, and fabric (sarees, dupattas) to ensure commercial viability.
Key Takeaway:
Mithila painting is indigenous to the Mithila region (distinct from Magadha) and has transitioned from ephemeral ritualistic wall art to a globally recognized form on paper and textiles.