The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Mauryan pillars are monolithic columns, typically carved from chunar sandstone. Structurally, they consist of a long shaft, a bell-shaped capital (inverted lotus), an abacus, and a crowning animal figure. These pillars represent a high point in early Indian stone sculpture.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The topmost portion of the Mauryan pillar features a capital figure, which is a carved animal sculpture. Common examples include the lion (Sarnath, Sanchi, Vaishali), the bull (Rampurva), and the elephant (Sankissa).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The abacus (the platform between the bell capital and the animal figure) is typically circular or rectangular/square in shape. It is not triangular. For instance, the Sarnath Lion Capital has a circular abacus.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The abacuses are richly decorated. While they may contain geometric precision, they are specifically known for floral motifs (such as the lotus and honeysuckle) and animal figures (such as the horse, bull, lion, and elephant on the Sarnath abacus). They do not lack floral motifs.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Mauryan pillars are defined by a monolithic shaft, an inverted lotus (bell) capital, a circular or rectangular abacus decorated with floral and animal motifs, and a crowning animal sculpture.