The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Kabir (c. 14th-15th century) was a seminal figure in the Nirguna Bhakti tradition of North India. His poetry, preserved in collections like the Bijak, Guru Granth Sahib, and Panchvani, is noted for its rebellious tone, rejection of religious orthodoxy, and synthesis of diverse philosophical vocabularies.
Statement 1: Correct
Kabir frequently employed a literary style known as Ulatbansi (upside-down sayings). These are paradoxical verses where everyday meanings are inverted to challenge conventional logic and express the complexity of mystical experiences. For example, verses describing "a fire raging in the ocean" or "a lotus blooming without water" force the listener to look beyond literal interpretations to understand the nature of the Ultimate Reality.
Statement 2: Incorrect
Kabir did not avoid Vedantic terms; rather, he drew extensively from them. To describe the Ultimate Reality, he used terms from the Vedantic tradition such as Alakh (The Unseen), Nirakar (Formless), Brahman, and Atman. He also used terms from Yogic traditions like Shabda (Sound) and Shunya (Emptiness).
Statement 3: Correct
Kabir’s vocabulary was eclectic and syncretic. He freely used terms drawn from Islamic traditions, referring to the Divine as Allah, Khuda, Hazrat, and Pir. This usage reflected his philosophy that the Divine is one and transcends specific religious labels or sectarian divisions.
Key Takeaway:
Kabir's literary style is characterized by Ulatbansi (paradoxical imagery) and a diverse vocabulary that integrates concepts from Vedantic, Yogic, and Islamic traditions to articulate the philosophy of Nirguna Bhakti.