The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Arab Muslim traders who settled on the Malabar Coast, known as Mappilas, underwent a significant process of cultural assimilation. They integrated local linguistic, social, and architectural traditions into their community life while retaining their Islamic religious identity.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The Arab traders intermingled with the local population and adopted the local language, Malayalam. Over time, this interaction led to the development of Arabi-Malayalam, a unique dialect and literary tradition where Malayalam was written using the Arabic script.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The traders did not strictly refuse local customs; rather, they assimilated many. Notably, the Mappila Muslims in North Malabar adopted the Marumakkathayam system (matrilineal line of inheritance), mirroring the social structure of local Hindu communities like the Nairs. This demonstrates a deep integration with local social fabrics.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Mosques in Kerala did not strictly follow the Arabian architectural style. Instead, they heavily incorporated the indigenous architectural style of Kerala. Due to the region's heavy monsoons, these mosques featured sloping tiled roofs and extensive use of timber, resembling local temples rather than the domes and minarets typical of Indo-Islamic or Arabian architecture (e.g., the Cheraman Juma Masjid and Mishkal Mosque).
Key Takeaway:
The Mappila community of Kerala exemplifies cultural syncretism, evidenced by their adoption of the Malayalam language, the Marumakkathayam (matrilineal) system, and the construction of mosques in the local indigenous architectural style.