Correct Option
The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century resulted in a shift of political power from the center to the provinces. This period witnessed the fragmentation of the centralized imperial structure into various autonomous political entities, while cultural and administrative continuities persisted.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The weakening of central authority in Delhi led to the re-emergence of regional states. Powerful provincial governors established autonomous successor states (such as Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad). Additionally, independent kingdoms and warrior states (such as the Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats) asserted their sovereignty over specific territories.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Despite the political fragmentation, the regions did not lose the shared traditions developed during the Mughal era. The successor states and regional powers continued to employ Mughal administrative practices, revenue systems, and court etiquette. Culturally, the influence of the Mughal style in architecture, painting, and the use of Persian as the language of administration remained prevalent across the subcontinent.
Key Takeaway: The decline of the Mughal Empire caused political decentralization and the rise of regional powers, but it did not lead to a cultural vacuum; Mughal administrative and cultural traditions continued to influence the 18th-century regional states.