The correct option is
A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
Explanation
The knowledge of historical geography and the Sanskritized nomenclature used in ancient and medieval Indian texts to denote specific regions. These terms frequently appear in inscriptions, literary works (such as the Rajatarangini or Puranas), and foreign accounts to describe political and cultural territories.Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Gauda matches 4 (Bengal):
Correct. Historically, "Gauda" refers to the region of Western and Northern Bengal. It became a prominent political entity under King Shashanka in the 7th century and later served as the base for the Pala and Sena dynasties. The term "Pancha Gauda" was also used to classify northern Brahmin communities. - B. Gajjana matches 3 (Afghanistan):
Correct. "Gajjana" is the Sanskritized form of Ghazna (or Ghazni), located in modern-day Afghanistan. In medieval Indian inscriptions and texts, the Ghaznavid rulers and invaders were often referred to as the rulers of Gajjana. This term highlights the interaction between the Indian states and the rising Turkic powers in the northwest. - C. Dravida matches 2 (South India):
Correct. "Dravida" is the classical Sanskrit term denoting the southern region of the Indian subcontinent. It is geographically associated with the territory south of the Vindhyas or the Krishna river. Culturally, it distinguishes the southern style of temple architecture (Dravida style) and the "Pancha Dravida" Brahmin communities. - D. Andhra matches 1 (Andhra Pradesh):
Correct. The term "Andhra" has been used since the Vedic period (Aitareya Brahmana) and the Mauryan age to refer to the people and the region corresponding to modern-day Andhra Pradesh. The Satavahanas were famously known as the "Andhra Bhrityas" in the Puranas.