The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the endocrine system, playing a critical role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans located in the pancreas. The adrenal glands, situated atop the kidneys, secrete hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A deficiency in insulin production or the body's inability to use it effectively leads to Diabetes Mellitus. This condition is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
- Statement 3 is Correct: Insulin regulates blood sugar by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy and promoting the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. It acts specifically to lower blood glucose levels.
Key Takeaway: Insulin is a pancreatic hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels; its deficiency or malfunction is the primary cause of Diabetes Mellitus.