The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The reproductive cycle in the female primates (e.g., monkeys, apes, and human beings) is called the menstrual cycle. It involves cyclic changes in the ovary and the uterus induced by changes in the levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is technically termed menarche. This marks the onset of reproductive maturity in females.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28 to 29 days. The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle. A duration of 10 to 15 days is not the standard physiological norm.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The menstrual cycle ceases around 45 to 50 years of age. This permanent cessation of menstruation is termed menopause. Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause.
Key Takeaway:
Menarche is the onset of menstruation at puberty, while menopause is its cessation around the age of 50. The normal menstrual cycle repeats approximately every 28 to 29 days.