The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands located in the skin of mammals. They secrete an oily and waxy substance called sebum via holocrine secretion, which serves to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.- Statement 1 is Correct: Sebaceous glands are widely known as oil glands because their primary function is the production and secretion of sebum, a lipid-rich (oily) substance. They are distributed over the entire body surface, except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The activity of sebaceous glands is heavily influenced by hormones, particularly androgens (sex hormones). During puberty, the production of androgens increases significantly. This hormonal surge stimulates the sebaceous glands to enlarge and secrete more sebum, rather than decreasing secretion.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The increased activity of sebaceous glands is a primary factor in the pathophysiology of acne. Excess sebum production can mix with dead skin cells to clog hair follicles. This creates an anaerobic environment conducive to the proliferation of bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes, leading to inflammation and acne. Thus, increased activity promotes, rather than prevents, the formation of acne.
Key Takeaway: Sebaceous glands (oil glands) secrete sebum to lubricate the skin. Their activity is stimulated by androgens, leading to increased secretion during puberty, which is a major contributing factor to the development of acne.