Insulin
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). This condition arises due to defects in the secretion or action of the peptide hormone responsible for glucose regulation.
Option Analysis:
- Adrenalin is incorrect: Adrenalin (or Epinephrine) is secreted by the adrenal medulla. It is known as the "fight or flight" hormone and prepares the body for emergency situations by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. It is not the primary cause of Diabetes mellitus.
- Thyroxine is incorrect: Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body growth. Its deficiency leads to conditions like goiter or cretinism, not Diabetes mellitus.
- Insulin is correct: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Its primary function is to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage (as glycogen). A deficiency in insulin production (Type 1) or the body's inability to use insulin effectively (Type 2) leads to Diabetes mellitus.
- Estrogen is incorrect: Estrogen is a steroid hormone primarily produced by the ovaries. It is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Key Takeaway:
Diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by the deficiency or malfunction of Insulin, which is essential for regulating blood sugar levels.