The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Electoral Roll, commonly known as the Voters' List, is a comprehensive list of all eligible citizens entitled to vote in an election. In India, the preparation and maintenance of the electoral roll are conducted under the superintendence, direction, and control of the Election Commission of India (ECI) as per Article 324 of the Constitution.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct.
The Electoral Roll is not a static document. It is revised annually (Annual Summary Revision) to include the names of citizens who have attained the voting age of 18 years and to delete the names of those who have died or migrated. Recent amendments allow for multiple qualifying dates (January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1) for youth to register, ensuring the list remains updated. - Statement 2 is Incorrect.
While the Election Commission of India has the constitutional mandate to oversee the preparation of electoral rolls, the administrative machinery used for this purpose consists of government officials (such as teachers and local administrative staff) designated as Booth Level Officers (BLOs) and Electoral Registration Officers. Furthermore, the government is responsible for providing the necessary staff and funds. Therefore, stating that the government has "no role" is factually incorrect. - Statement 3 is Correct.
Based on the principle of Universal Adult Franchise (Article 326), every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age has a right to be registered as a voter. This right is subject only to specific disqualifications laid down by the Constitution or law (Representation of the People Act, 1950), such as non-residence, unsoundness of mind, or disqualification due to criminal offenses or corrupt practices.
Key Takeaway:
The Electoral Roll is revised annually to ensure universal franchise. While the Election Commission acts as the independent authority for its preparation, it relies on government machinery and funding for the execution of this task.