The correct option is (c).
Explanation
An ecosystem is defined as a functional unit of nature where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: An ecosystem is not limited to living components. It is a complete system composed of two main components: biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living). These components function together as a unit.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The abiotic components include physical factors such as climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall, light), edaphic factors (soil structure and composition), and topographical features like river deltas. These non-living elements provide the necessary environment and nutrients for living organisms.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The biotic component includes all living organisms within the area, regardless of size or trophic level. Small animals such as snakes, frogs, insects, and microorganisms are essential parts of the ecosystem, playing specific roles in food chains and nutrient cycles.
Key Takeaway: An ecosystem is characterized by the interaction and interdependence of biotic communities (plants, animals, microbes) and their abiotic environment (air, water, soil, sunlight).