The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Coriolis force is an apparent force generated by the rotation of the Earth on its axis. It affects the direction of moving fluids, such as air (winds) and water (ocean currents), but does not influence their speed.
Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The Coriolis force deflects wind to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The statement incorrectly reverses these directions.
Statement 2 is Correct:
The magnitude of the Coriolis force is governed by the formula \( C = 2m\omega v \sin\phi \), where \( \phi \) represents the latitude. Consequently, the force increases as the angle of latitude increases, establishing a direct relationship between the two.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Since the Coriolis force is proportional to the sine of the latitude (\( \sin\phi \)):
- At the Equator (\( 0^\circ \)), \( \sin 0^\circ = 0 \), meaning the Coriolis force is absent.
- At the Poles (\( 90^\circ \)), \( \sin 90^\circ = 1 \), meaning the Coriolis force is maximum.
Key Takeaway:
The Coriolis force results from Earth's rotation, causing a deflection to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Its magnitude is zero at the Equator and maximum at the Poles.