The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
A mature tropical cyclone is a vigorous thermal instability characterized by strong spiraling winds around a low-pressure center. Its vertical structure is divided into distinct zones, primarily the Eye, the Eyewall, and the Spiral Bands, each exhibiting specific meteorological conditions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Eye is the central region of the cyclone. It is characterized by subsiding (sinking) air. As air descends, it warms by compression, which inhibits cloud formation. Consequently, the eye is a region of calm winds and clear or partly cloudy skies.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Eyewall surrounds the eye and consists of towering cumulonimbus clouds. It is characterized by strong spiraling updrafts rather than calm conditions. This zone experiences the maximum wind velocity and the heaviest precipitation within the storm system.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The overall circulation system of a mature tropical cyclone covers a vast area. The diameter of the storm typically ranges between 600 and 1200 km. While the eye itself is small (typically 10-50 km in diameter), the spiraling wind system extends far outward.
Key Takeaway:
The Eye is a zone of pressure minimum, subsidence, and calm, whereas the Eyewall is the zone of maximum turbulence, strongest winds, and peak rainfall.