The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Land and sea breezes are local wind systems caused by the differential heating and cooling rates of land and water bodies. This phenomenon is primarily driven by the difference in specific heat capacities of land and water.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: During the day, the land heats up much faster than the sea. As the air above the land becomes warmer, it expands and rises, creating a region of low pressure over the land. Conversely, the sea remains relatively cooler, creating a region of high pressure over the water. Therefore, the pressure gradient is directed from the sea (high pressure) to the land (low pressure), not from land to sea.
- Statement 2 is Correct: During the night, the process reverses. Land loses heat through radiation much faster than the sea due to its lower specific heat capacity. Consequently, the land becomes cooler than the adjacent sea, creating high pressure over the land and relatively lower pressure over the sea.
- Statement 3 is Correct: As established in the analysis of Statement 1, during the day, the pressure over the sea is higher than that over the land. Winds always blow from high pressure to low pressure. Thus, the wind blows from the sea towards the land, which is termed a Sea Breeze.
Key Takeaway: Sea breezes occur during the day (blowing from sea to land) due to low pressure over the heated land. Land breezes occur during the night (blowing from land to sea) due to high pressure over the rapidly cooled land.