Correct Option
The correct option is 1, 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Bharmaur Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) is a regional planning initiative implemented in the Bharmaur region of the Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. It aims to improve the quality of life of the Gaddi tribal community and narrow the development gap between this region and other areas.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Bharmaur region was officially notified as a tribal area on 21 November 1975. Prior to the 1970s, while the Gaddi people were a recognized tribe, the specific region itself had not yet received the designated status required for the Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) framework.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The core priorities of the ITDP included the development of infrastructure, specifically transport and communications, as well as agriculture, electricity, and social services like schools and healthcare.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The project led to tremendous social progress. Literacy levels, particularly female literacy, improved significantly. For instance, the female literacy rate in the region rose from approximately 1.88% in 1971 to around 65% in 2011.
- Statement 4 is Incorrect: The economy of the Gaddis is traditionally based on a combination of agriculture and pastoralism. They practice transhumance (seasonal migration with livestock) to sustain their livelihood. It is not based solely on settled agriculture, although the ITDP has encouraged the cultivation of pulses and cash crops.
Key Takeaway
Bharmaur ITDP focused on infrastructure and social indicators (literacy) to develop the region. The Gaddi economy is a mix of agriculture and pastoralism (transhumance), not settled agriculture alone.