Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Indira Gandhi Canal Project, one of the largest canal systems in India, was designed to transform the desert districts of Rajasthan. However, the introduction of irrigation in arid zones has led to ecological challenges such as waterlogging and soil salinity. Sustainable development in this region requires strict adherence to ecological restoration and water management protocols.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Warabandi system is a rotational water supply mechanism designed to ensure the equitable distribution of canal water. It is strictly implemented in the command area to prevent the overuse of water by upstream farmers and to ensure that tail-end users receive their share, which is essential for social and ecological sustainability.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: In Stage-II of the canal (which covers the hot arid regions of Jaisalmer and Barmer), the evaporation rate is extremely high, and the soil is sandy. Encouraging water-intensive crops leads to severe waterlogging and soil salinity. Instead, the sustainable approach mandates the cultivation of crops requiring less water, such as citrus fruits, and discourages water-intensive crops to maintain the ecological balance.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The region is prone to wind erosion and shifting sand dunes. Afforestation, pasture development, and the creation of shelterbelts are critical measures to stabilize the land, reduce wind velocity, and prevent the canal from being choked by sand. This is a core component of the ecological restoration plan for the area.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Ecological sustainability in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area relies on strict water management (Warabandi), avoiding water-intensive crops to prevent salinity, and extensive afforestation (shelterbelts) to check desertification.