The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The evolution of Bengali as a distinct regional language traces its roots to the Indo-Aryan family. Its development was shaped by political, commercial, and religious interactions over centuries, transitioning from ancient Prakrit forms to a modern vernacular enriched by diverse linguistic influences.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Bengali did not evolve from the Dravidian family of languages. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. It is derived from Sanskrit through intermediate stages known as Magadhi Prakrit and Apabhramsha.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Early Sanskrit texts suggest that the people of Bengal did not speak Sanskritic languages in the mid-first millennium BCE. During this period, the region was outside the core area of Aryan influence. It was only from the fourth-third centuries BCE, with the development of commercial ties between Bengal and Magadha (south Bihar), that the influence of Sanskrit began to grow. By the fourth century CE, during the Gupta period, Sanskrit influence became firmly established.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Modern Bengali is a composite language that includes a vast vocabulary beyond its Sanskrit roots. Over centuries, it has assimilated words from tribal languages, Persian (due to administrative use during the Sultanate and Mughal periods), and European languages (such as Portuguese and English) following colonial contact.
Key Takeaway: Bengali is an Indo-Aryan language derived from Sanskrit/Prakrit, but its vocabulary is a syncretic mix of tribal, Persian, and European influences acquired through historical interactions.