Correct Option
The correct option is 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation
The development of regional cultures in India is marked by the evolution of distinct literary traditions, performing arts, and schools of painting. This question focuses on the specific characteristics of Pahari miniature paintings, regional classical dances, and the linguistic history of Kerala.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Pair 1 is Correct: Basohli was the earliest and most bold style of miniature painting to develop in the Himalayan foothills (modern-day Himachal Pradesh) in the late 17th century. It is characterized by a bold and intense style, often using strong primary colors and geometric patterns. The most popular text illustrated in this style was Bhanudatta’s Rasamanjari.
- Pair 2 is Correct: The Kangra school of painting developed in the mid-18th century, particularly after the invasion of Nadir Shah (1739) prompted Mughal artists to migrate to the hills. This style is distinguished by soft colors (such as cool blues and greens) and a lyrical treatment of themes. It was deeply inspired by Vaishnavite traditions.
- Pair 3 is Incorrect: Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in Andhra Pradesh. The classical dance forms associated with Kerala are Kathakali and Mohiniyattam.
- Pair 4 is Correct: Lilatilakam is a 14th-century text dealing with grammar and poetics. It was composed in Manipravalam, a literary style that blends Sanskrit and the regional language (early Malayalam). The term Manipravalam literally translates to "diamonds and corals."
Key Takeaway
Basohli is known for its bold, intense imagery in Pahari painting, whereas Kangra is known for its soft, lyrical style. Lilatilakam is a foundational grammar text for the Manipravalam style in Kerala.