The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Mandu, the capital of the Malwa Sultanate, represents the Malwa School of Provincial Architecture. This style is characterized by the use of different colored stones, the batter system (sloping walls), large windows, and the absence of minarets. It blends indigenous traditions with Islamic architectural principles.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The Hindola Mahal (Swinging Palace) is one of the most distinct buildings in Mandu. It is named so because its side walls slope inwards at a steep angle (approximately 77 degrees). This architectural feature, known as batter, creates an optical illusion that the structure is swaying or swinging.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The Jama Masjid of Mandu is a grand structure modeled after the Great Mosque of Damascus. It is not devoid of decorative arches. On the contrary, the mosque is celebrated for its extensive use of arches, featuring a large domed porch and a courtyard enclosed by colonnades of arches. The repetition of arches is a defining aesthetic feature of its interior and courtyard.
Statement 3 is Correct:
Hoshang Shah’s Tomb is historically significant as the first structure in India to be built entirely of white marble. It is a precursor to the Mughal architectural style and is known to have influenced the design of the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan is said to have sent his architects to study this tomb before the construction of the Taj Mahal.
Key Takeaway:
The Malwa style of architecture (Mandu) is distinguished by the batter system (sloping walls) seen in the Hindola Mahal and the pioneering use of white marble in Hoshang Shah’s Tomb.