Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The provincial style of Indo-Islamic architecture in Gujarat flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries under the Gujarat Sultanate. This style is distinguished by a profound synthesis of Islamic architectural forms with the indigenous Hindu and Jain architectural traditions prevalent in Western India.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The architecture of Gujarat did not reject regional temple traditions; instead, it heavily assimilated them. The craftsmen employed were often trained in the local temple building traditions. Consequently, many mosques and tombs in this style feature trabeate construction (pillars and lintels), toranas, and decorative motifs typical of Hindu and Jain temples, rather than relying solely on the arcuate (arch and dome) systems brought by the Muslims.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Gujarat style is globally renowned for its intricate stone carving and elaborate lattice work (jali). A quintessential example is the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque in Ahmedabad, famous for its semicircular stone windows carved in complex geometric and floral patterns, known as the 'Sidi Saiyyed Ni Jali'.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The Sarkhej Roza complex, which houses the dargah (tomb) of the Sufi saint Shaikh Ahmad Khattu Ganj Baksh, is a significant monument of this period. Built during the reign of Muhammad Shah and completed by Mahmud Begada, it exemplifies the Gujarat style through its use of pillared halls, perforated stone screens, and lack of minarets in the tomb structure, reflecting a strong indigenous influence.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Gujarat provincial style of Indo-Islamic architecture is characterized by the harmonious blending of Islamic spatial requirements with the structural techniques and decorative aesthetics (such as intricate jali work and pillared halls) of local Hindu and Jain temple architecture.